A MOVING PLATE · 50 SECONDS

Why an A4 PDF prints smaller.

A4 trim, 3 mm bleed and the arithmetic behind Fit. An original illustrated demonstration.

Silent animation with on-screen explanations and English captions. Constructed geometry, not a physical printer test. Created by Paper & Scale.

Choose a chapter to load the video at that point, then press Play.

Transcript and chapter notes

0:00 · The whole PDF page

A PDF can have several page boxes. This example has a 216 by 303 mm whole page.

Its MediaBox and CropBox are identical. The visible page includes the bleed.

0:10 · Trim and 3 mm bleed

The finished A4 TrimBox is 210 by 297 mm, inset 3 mm from every edge.

Add both edges: 210 plus 3 plus 3 is 216. 297 plus 3 plus 3 is 303.

0:22 · Why Fit becomes 97.22%

Fit this whole page onto a full A4 sheet: the limiting ratio is 210 divided by 216, or 97.22 percent.

The A4 trim then shrinks to 204.17 by 288.75 mm. A printer's usable area may make it smaller still.

0:38 · Actual size and a measured proof

Actual size, or 100 percent, preserves the original 210 by 297 mm trim.

Use stock that can hold the page. Measure a 100 mm gauge. These are authored dimensions, not a printer test.

The two portrait fit ratios are 210 ÷ 216 ≈ 0.972222 and 297 ÷ 303 ≈ 0.980198. Taking the smaller ratio keeps the whole outer page within a full A4 sheet. Printer margins and application behaviour are separate from this ideal calculation.

Repeat the example

  1. Download the original A4 bleed specimen.
  2. Open it in the PDF page-box checker. The MediaBox is 216 × 303 mm; TrimBox is 210 × 297 mm.
  3. Compare fitting MediaBox and TrimBox to A4. Then check the print application’s own preview.
  4. For a physical proof, use the 100 mm calibration gauge and measure the printed line.

Read the full page-box explanation, formulas and sources. Download the English captions.

Keep things in proportion.

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